In terms of overall gaming performance, the AMD Ryzen R9 Threadripper 1920X is massively better than the AMD FX-9590 when it comes to running the latest games. This also means it will be less likely to bottleneck more powerful GPUs, allowing them to achieve more of their gaming performance potential.

The Ryzen R9 Threadripper was released over three years more recently than the FX-9590, and so the Ryzen R9 Threadripper is likely to have far better levels of support, and will be much more optimized and ultimately superior to the FX-9590 when running the latest games.

Both CPUs exhibit very powerful performance, so it probably isn't worth upgrading from one to the other, as both are capable of running even the most demanding games at the highest settings (assuming they are accompanied by equivalently powerful GPUs).

The Ryzen R9 Threadripper has 2 more cores than the FX-9590. 10 cores is probably excessive if you mean to just run the latest games, as games are not yet able to harness this many cores. The cores in the FX-9590 is more than enough for gaming purposes. However, if you intend on running a server with the Ryzen R9 Threadripper, it would seem to be a decent choice.

The Ryzen R9 Threadripper has 12 more threads than the FX-9590. The FX-9590 has one thread per physical core, whereas the Ryzen R9 Threadripper uses hyperthreading and has 2 logical threads per physical core.

Multiple threads are useful for improving the performance of multi-threaded applications. Additional cores and their accompanying thread will always be beneficial for multi-threaded applications. Hyperthreading will be beneficial for applications optimized for it, but it may slow others down. For games, the number of threads is largely irrelevant, as long as you have at least 2 cores (preferably 4), and hyperthreading can sometimes even hit performance.

More important for gaming than the number of cores and threads is the clock rate. Problematically, unless the two CPUs are from the same family, this can only serve as a general guide and nothing like an exact comparison, because the clock cycles per instruction (CPI) will vary so much.

The Ryzen R9 Threadripper and FX-9590 are not from the same family of CPUs, so their clock speeds are by no means directly comparable. Bear in mind, then, that while the FX-9590 has a 1.2 GHz faster frequency, this is not always an indicator that it will be superior in performance, despite frequency being crucial when trying to avoid GPU bottlenecking. In this case, however, the difference is probably a good indicator that the Ryzen R9 Threadripper is superior.

Aside from the clock rate, the next-most important CPU features for PC game performance are L2 and L3 cache size. Faster than RAM, the more cache available, the more data that can be stored for lightning-fast retrieval. L1 Cache is not usually an issue anymore for gaming, with most high-end CPUs eking out about the same L1 performance, and L2 is more important than L3 - but L3 is still important if you want to reach the highest levels of performance. Bear in mind that although it is better to have a larger cache, the larger it is, the higher the latency, so a balance has to be struck.

The maximum Thermal Design Power is the power in Watts that the CPU will consume in the worst case scenario. The lithography is the semiconductor manufacturing technology being used to create the CPU - the smaller this is, the more transistors that can be fit into the CPU, and the closer the connections. For both the lithography and the TDP, it is the lower the better, because a lower number means a lower amount of power is necessary to run the CPU, and consequently a lower amount of heat is produced.

The Ryzen R9 Threadripper has a 40 Watt lower Maximum TDP than the FX-9590. However, the FX-9590 was created with a 14 nm smaller manufacturing technology. Overall, by taking both into account, the Ryzen R9 Threadripper and the FX-9590 would appear to produce roughly the same amount of heat, and consume about the same amount of power.